Some city names are portmanteaus of the border regions they straddle: Texarkana spreads across the Texas-Arkansas-Louisiana border, while Calexico and Mexicali are respectively the American and Mexican sides of a single conurbation. Similarly Eurasia is a portmanteau of Europe and Asia. In 1964, the newly independent African republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar chose the portmanteau word Tanzania as its name. In Punch in 1896, the word brunch (breakfast + lunch) was introduced as a "portmanteau word". Many neologisms are examples of blends, but many blends have become part of the lexicon. The word is a portmanteau of Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry's name with salamander. The original Gerrymander pictured in an 1812 cartoon. Īn occasional synonym for "portmanteau word" is frankenword, an autological word exemplifying the phenomenon it describes, blending " Frankenstein" and "word". In modern French, a porte-manteau is a clothes valet, a coat-tree or similar article of furniture for hanging up jackets, hats, umbrellas and the like. According to the OED Online, the etymology of the word is the "officer who carries the mantle of a person in a high position (1507 in Middle French), case or bag for carrying clothing (1547), clothes rack (1640)". According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD), the etymology of the word is the French porte-manteau, from porter, "to carry", and manteau, "cloak" (from Old French mantel, from Latin mantellum). According to the OED Online, a portmanteau is a "case or bag for carrying clothing and other belongings when travelling (originally) one of a form suitable for carrying on horseback (now esp.) one in the form of a stiff leather case hinged at the back to open into two equal parts". In then-contemporary English, a portmanteau was a suitcase that opened into two equal sections. Make up your mind that you will say both words, but leave it unsettled which you will say first … if you have the rarest of gifts, a perfectly balanced mind, you will say "frumious". For instance, take the two words "fuming" and "furious".
Humpty Dumpty's theory, of two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau, seems to me the right explanation for all. In his introduction to his 1876 poem The Hunting of the Snark, Carroll again uses portmanteau when discussing lexical selection: You see it's like a portmanteau-there are two meanings packed up into one word. Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the practice of combining words in various ways:
Slithy means "slimy and lithe" and mimsy means "miserable and flimsy". The word portmanteau was introduced in this sense by Lewis Carroll in the book Through the Looking-Glass (1871), where Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the coinage of unusual words used in " Jabberwocky". If it were called a " stish" or a " starsh", it would be a portmanteau. For instance, starfish is a compound, not a portmanteau, of star and fish, as it includes both words in full. A portmanteau also differs from a compound, which does not involve the truncation of parts of the stems of the blended words. Ī portmanteau word is similar to a contraction, but contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not to make don't, whereas a portmanteau is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a single concept. When portmanteaus shorten established compounds, they can be considered clipped compounds. In linguistics, a portmanteau is a single morph that is analyzed as representing two (or more) underlying morphemes. ( May 2020)Ī portmanteau ( / p ɔːr t ˈ m æ n t oʊ/ ( listen), / ˌ p ɔːr t m æ n ˈ t oʊ/) or portmanteau word is a blend of words in which parts of multiple words are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used.
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